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| National Association for Visually Handicapped (NAVH) |
NAVH is the only nonprofit health organization in the world solely dedicated to providing assistance to the partially sighted. We are committed to ensuring that impaired vision does not result in impaired life. Our mission is to help the "hard of seeing," worldwide cope with the psychological effects of visual impairment and to provide low vision services, visual aids and training to anyone in need of these services.
www.navh.org |
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What is the difference between Vision Impairment and Blindness?
One way of looking at it is...if corrective lenses cannot provide 20/40 sight in at least one eye, you may be visually impaired.
And keep in mind that those who are legally blind--who test 20/200 or less in the better eye after the best correction, or have a field defect in which the widest diameter of the visual field is no greater that 20 degrees--are also visually impaired.
We like to think that being visually impaired means you are "A Little Bit Blind." And chances are you may be more sighted than not.
Consider that the leading cause of vision impairment and legal blindness is macular degeneration which, alone, will NEVER cause complete vision loss. Most cases of diabetic retinopathy do not produce total blindness, although the disease is the leading cause of profound vision loss among young working adults in the United States. Glaucoma, the second leading cause of vision loss in the world, when successfully treated, does not lead to total blindness. Retinitis pigmentosa, in the majority of cases, allows for some residual vision.
While reliable statistics are hard to come by, it is now estimated that in the United States 26,000,000 people are afflicted with some visual disorder. Of these, approximately 1,300,000 are considered blind. Of those only 10% (130,000) have no useable vision or only the ability to perceive light. Therefore, approximately 1,000,000 are called “legally blind”–those who have useable vision. NAVH does not consider anyone blind who falls into this category.
Copyright National Association for Visually Handicapped (NAVH) |
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Black Hawk™ Tobacco Shop |
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The website,
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Tobacco History:
The Social History of Smoking
by George Latimer Apperson
First published in 1914
"The Social History of Smoking" by George Latimer Apperson, can be purchased at Amazon.com in two different versions. Depending on the quality of the edition, prices range between $35 and $104.
From Chapter 2: An amusing example of the bragging "tobacconist" is pictured for us in Ben Jonson's "Bobadil." Bobadil may perhaps be somewhat of an exaggerated caricature, but it is probable that the dramatist in drawing him simply exaggerated the characteristic traits of many smokers of the day. This hero, drawing tobacco from his pocket, declares that it is all that is left of seven pounds which he had bought only "yesterday was seven-night." A consumption of seven pounds of tobacco in eight days is a pretty "tall order"! Then he goes on to brag of its quality—your right Trinidado—and to assert that he had been in the Indies, where the herb grows, and where he himself and a dozen other gentlemen had for the space of one-and-twenty weeks known no other nutriment than the fume of tobacco. This again was tolerably "steep" even for this Falstaff-like braggart. He continues with more bombast in praise of the medicinal virtues of the herb—virtues which were then very firmly and widely believed in—and is replied to by Cob, the anti-tobacconist, who, with equal exaggeration on the other side, denounces tobacco, and declares that four people had died in one house from the use of it in the preceding week, and that one had "voided a bushel of soot"!
From Chapter 7: It seems to have been taken for granted that country parsons smoked. smoking was universal among their male parishioners from the squire to the labourer (when he could afford it), so that it was only natural that the parson, with little to do, and in those days not too much inclination to do it, should be as fond of his pipe as the rest of the world around him. In a World of 1756 there is an account of a country gentleman entertaining one evening the vicar of the parish, and the host as a matter of course proceeds to order a bottle of wine with pipes and tobacco to be placed on the table. The vicar forthwith "filled his pipe, and drank very cordially to my friend," his host. One cannot doubt that Laurence Sterne, that most remarkable of country parsons, smoked. His "My Uncle Toby" is among the immortals, and Toby without his pipe is unimaginable.
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